Jean Watson free essay sample

As a nurse it is imperative to integrate the psychosocial of a critically ill patient and their family into care. One not only cares for the patient’s physical health, they care for all the components that makes up the patients entity. Sick patients face many obstacles. During the different phases of illness the nurse must alter care to accommodate the patients and family’s needs. Ones acceptance to the various stages can be facilitated and expressed through the Jean Watsons Philosophy, and Transpersonal Caring Theory. Jean Watsons Theory of Caring has become essential in nursing. Caring is at the core of nursing and is vital in providing positive patient outcomes. Watson’s theory is based upon human caring relationships and experiences in human life. She acknowledges a caring relationship and caring environment preserve human dignity, wholeness, and integrity and to restore the person’s harmony it is the nurse’s responsibility to assist an individual to establish meaning in illness and suffering (Cara, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Watson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nurses have a responsibility to evaluate the patient’s physical, mental, and emotional well- being. Jean Watsons Theory was derived in 1979 and revised in 1985 and 1988. The majority of her revisions were made to her carative factors, in which she believes is the concept for the core of nursing (Cara, 2008). According to Suliman, Welman, Omer and Thomas, (2009), Watsons theory suggest that â€Å"Caring is a different way of being human, present, attentive, conscious, and intentional. Nursing is centered on helping the patient achieve a higher degree of harmony within mind, body, and soul, and this harmony is achieved through caring transactions involving a transpersonal caring relationship (Cara, 2008). Human caring entails the humanitarian science of offering professional services to a needy human. This is based on the consideration that professional nursing services entail experience, knowledge, morals and empathy. Chesney and Anderson (2008) showed that Wilson’s Caring theory is derived from a moral and ethical foundation. The caregiver combines science, humanities, spirituality in enhancing the mind-body-spirit of healing. Watson’s theory is based on the notion that nurses should not rely on the practical aspects of nursing alone. One must encompass the physiological component of healing into ones practice. Instead, a willing nurse should interact with the patient on a personal level while executing ones nursing duties. (Watson, 2011). As a nurse on medical surgical unit I encounter on a consistent basis patients with varied illnesses. Many of the patients have complex needs. On this day, an 89 year old male presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of fever for one day. The patient is alert but nonverbal. He is able to follow simple commands. The daughter and grandson serve as the patient’s historian. The family gives an accurate account of the patient’s extensive medical history, which include: Parkinson’s, congestive heart failure, colon cancer, diabetes type I, aortic stenosis, dysphagia and frequent urinary tract infections. The daughter quickly verbalizes her frustration to the staff over the many questions. She demands the staff look into the computer for her father’s history. He has been admitted to the same hospital seven times over the last six months. The family appears exhausted. They are snappy and demeaning towards the staff. At one point the daughter refuses a physical assessment for her father. She states â€Å"He’s tired. That’s enough† As the primary nurse I offer the daughter a chair and a cup of coffee. She graciously accepts the beverage and takes a seat. She looks up and states â€Å"I’m so tired. I can’t do this anymore. He is here every week. What am I doing wrong? â€Å" I sit down beside her and reassure her that she has done nothing wrong. She looks up and says nothing. I continue to explain that her father is very sick and needs more attention than before. She agrees but still appears overwhelmed. We continue to speak for over thirty minutes. She confesses to leaving her job to take care of her increasingly ill father. She has now been caring for him for the last eight months, without help. She only qualifies for an aide for six hours a day, which would not allow her to work full time. She is now financially drained. Upon arrival the next morning I discuss the scenario with the social worker and case manager. Later that evening a family meeting is arranged. Although slightly reluctant the daughter agrees to allow her father to be placed in a rehabilitation center. She knows she can no longer care for him at home anymore. She is willing to do what is best for him. The staff reassures her that she is not giving up, but rather doing what is right for her father and herself. In the above scenario I applied the Jean Watson theory in providing care to the critically ill patient and the family. My treatment went beyond the technical aspect of nursing care. It ventured into the psychosocial, emotional, as well as spiritual role of the nurse. The patient’s daughter needed emotional support and guidance. She was overwhelmed, therefore was not able to function to her full capacity, hindering her father’s care. In order to provide a safe and healthy environment for the patient upon discharge the care-giver responsibilities needed to be re-evaluated. The care provided during the patient’s length of stay was not limited to the patient, but to all involved in the patients care. Watson’s theory helps incorporate ones underlying strengths to assist in practice. It allows the healing environment to encompass the patient, family and all other components that are involved in returning the patient to an optimum level of health.

Channel Distribution Essay Example

Channel Distribution Essay Example Channel Distribution Essay Channel Distribution Essay 272 LESSON-18 CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION Dr Subhanjali Chopra STRUCTURE 18. 0 Introduction 18. 1 Objectives 18. 2 Meaning of Channels of Distribution 18. 3 Kinds of Distribution Channels 18. 4 Choice of Channel of Distribution 18. 5 Summary 18. 6 Glossary 18. 7 Self Assessment Questions 18. 8 Further Readings 18. 0 INTRODUCTION Distribution of products constitutes an important element of marketing mix of a firm. After development of the product, the entrepreneur has to decide channels or routes through which the product will flow from the factory to the potential customers. He has a number of alternatives available to him. The entrepreneur may choose to distribute the product directly to customers without using any intermediaries. Alternatively, he may use one or more middlemen including wholesalers, selling agents, and retailers. Big firms have their zonal or regional authorized agents or dealers spread over the entire country. The dealers, in turn, work with distributors and retailers. On the other hand, small firms cannot afford to have zonal offices, but are devising their own ways of doing business. They also receive regular orders for goods. Entry may be difficult for the small firms. It has been observed that many authorized dealers of known brands also stock other unknown or new brands of goods. They also insist on the customer buying the lesserknown brand because of higher margin of profit. The small entrepreneur, with fewer overheads and low labour costs along with better planning and management, may be able to earn good profits. 18. 1 OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the meaning of channels of distribution. Describe various kinds of distribution channels. Enumerate the factors affecting choice of a distribution channel. Describe various types of middlemen. 273 18. 2 MEANING OF CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION A channel of distribution or trade channel is the path or route along which goods move from producers to ultimate consumers. It is a distribution network through which a producer puts his products in the hands of actual users. A trade or marketing channel consists of the producer , consumers or users and the various middlemen who intervene between the two. The channel serves as a connecting link between the producer and consumers. By bridging the gap between the point of production and the point of consumption, a channel creates time, place and possession utilities. A channel of distribution represents three types of flows: a. Goods flow from producer to consumers; b. Cash flow from consumers to producer as payment for goods; and c. Marketing information flows in both directions, from producers to consumers in the form of information on new products, new uses of existing products, etc. The flow of information from consumers to producers is the feedback of the wants, suggestions, complaints, etc. 18. KINDS OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Every small-scale entrepreneur requires a channel that can distribute his product to the right customers at the right time and at the right cost. It consists of all the middlemen which participate in the distribution of goods and which serve as a link between the manufacturer and the consumer. Producer Consumer Producer Retailer Consumer Producer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer Channels of Distribution A brief explanation of different channels of distribution is given below: 1. Manufacturer  Customer: This is also known as direct selling because no middlemen are involved. A producer may sell directly through his own retail stores, for example, Bata. This is the simplest and the shortest channel. It is fast and economical. Small producers and producers of perishable commodities also sell directly to the local consumers. Big firms adopt direct selling in order to cut distribution cost and because 274 they have sufficient facilities to sell directly to the consumers. The producer or the entrepreneur himself performs all the marketing activities. 2. Manufacturer  Retailer  Customer: This is one stage distribution channel having one middleman, i. . , retailer. In this channel, the producer sells to big retailers like departmental stores and chain stores who in turn sell to customer. This channel is very popular in the distribution of consumer durables such as refrigerators, T V sets, washing machines, typewriters, etc. This channel of distribution is very popular these days because of emergence of departmental stores, super markets and other big retail s tores. The retailers purchase in large quantities from the producer and perform certain marketing activities in order to sell the product to the ultimate consumers. . Manufacturer  Wholesaler  Retailer  Customer: This is the traditional channel of distribution. There are two middlemen in this channel of distribution, namely, wholesaler and retailer. This channel is most suitable for the products with widely scattered market. It is used in the distribution of consumer products like groceries, drugs, cosmetics, etc. It is quite suitable for small scale producers whose product line is narrow and who require the expert services and promotional support of wholesalers. 18. 4 CHOICE OF CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION While selecting a distribution channel, the entrepreneur should compare the costs, sales volume and profits expected from alternative channels of distribution. In order to select the right channel for distributing his product, a small-scale manufacturer should keep in mind the following considerations1: 1. Market Considerations: The nature of the market is a key factor influencing the choice of channels of distribution. The following features of the market should be considered to determine the channels: a. Consumer or industrial market: If the product is meant for industrial users, the channel of distribution will be a short one. This is because industrial users buy in a large quantity and the producer can easily establish a direct contact with them. But in case for goods meant for consumers, retailers may have to be included in the channels of distribution. b. Number and location of buyers: When the number of potential customers is small or the market is geographically located in a limited area, direct selling is easy and economical. In case of large number of customers, use of wholesalers and retailers becomes necessary. c. Size of order: Direct selling is convenient and economical where customers place order in big lots as in case of industrial goods. But where the product is sold in small quantities, middlemen are used to distribute such products. A manufacturer may use different channels for different types of buyers. He may sell directly to big retail stores and may use wholesalers to sell to small retailers. d. Customers buying habits: The customer buying habits like the time he is willing to spend, the desire for credit, the preference of personal attention and one stop shopping significantly affect the choice of distribution channels. 1 Singh and Chhabra, C. B. Gupta 275 2. Product Considerations: The type and nature of the product influence the number and type of middlemen to be chosen for distributing the product. The important factors with respect to the product are as follows: a. Unit value: Products of low unit value and common use are generally sold through middlemen, as they cannot bear the cost of direct selling. On the other hand, expensive consumer goods and industrial products are sold directly by the producers. b. Perishability: Perishable products like vegetables, fruits and bakery items have relatively short channels, as they cannot withstand repeated handling. Goods, which are subject to frequent changes in fashion and style, are generally distributed through short channels, as the producer has to maintain close and continuous touch with the market. c. Bulk and weight: Heavy and bulky products are distributed directly to minimize handling costs. Coal, bricks, stones, etc. , are some examples. d. Standardisation: Custom-made and non-standardised products usually pass through short channels due to the need for direct contact between the producer and the consumers. Standardized and mass-made goods can be distributed through middlemen. . Technical nature: Industrial products requiring demonstration, installation and aftersale service are often sold directly. The consumer products of technical nature are generally sold through retailers. f. Product line: An entrepreneur producing a wide range of products may find it economical to set up its own retail outlets. On the other hand, firms with one or two products find it profitable to distribute th rough wholesalers and retailers. g. Age of the product: A new product needs greater promotional effort and few middlemen may like to handle it. As the product gains acceptance in the market, more middlemen may be employed for its distribution. 3. Middlemen Considerations: The cost and efficiency of distribution depend largely upon the nature and type of middlemen as given in the following factors: a. Availability: When middlemen as desired are not available, an entrepreneur may have to establish his own distribution network. Non-availability of middlemen may arise when they are handling competitive products, as they do not like to handle more brands. b. Attitudes: Middlemen who do not like a firm’s marketing policies may refuse to handle its products. For instance, some wholesalers and retailers demand sole selling rights or a guarantee against fall in prices. c. Services: Use of those middlemen is profitable who provide financing, storage, promotion and aftersale services. d. Sale Potential: An entrepreneur generally prefers a dealer who offers the greatest potential volume of sales. e. Costs: Choice of a channel should be made after comparing the costs of distribution through alternative channels. After deciding the number of middlemen, an entrepreneur has to select the particular dealers through whom he will distribute his products. While selecting a particular wholesaler or retailer, the following factors should be taken into consideration: a. Location of dealer’s business premises; b. Financial position and credit standing of the dealer; c. Knowledge and experience of the dealer; d. Storage and showroom facilities of the dealer; 276 e. Ability of the dealer to secure adequate business and to cover the market; f. Capacity of the dealer to provide aftersale service; g. General reputation of the dealer and his sales force; h. Willingness of the dealer to handle the entrepreneur’s products; i. Degree of co-operation and promotion service he is willing to provide; j. Nature of other products, if any handled by the dealer. Activity Please suggest a suitable channel of distribution for Mr. Amit Sood†s firm. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â⠂¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18. 5 SUMMARY In a vast and densely populated country like India one needs an effective distribution system that provides market coverage and is economical. The choice of a channel depends upon the nature of the product e. g. for low priced consumer products like soap a vast network is needed but for industrial goods a direct channel or a very short channel might be appropriate. The nature of the product- whether it is bulky or perishable for instance as well as the cost and efficiency of the distributors are some other factors that have to be kept in mind while selecting a channel. 18. 6 GLOSSARY 1. Wholesaling: All activities involved in selling goods or services to those buying for resale or business use. 2. Retailing: All activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumer. 3. Zero Stage Channel: When goods are supplied directly by producer to consumer without any intermediaries. 4. Specialty Store: A retail store that carries a narrow production line with a deep assortment within that line. 277 18. 7 SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS 1. What do you mean by channels of distribution? 2. Discuss the different channels available to an entrepreneur for the distribution of products to the consumers. . What factors will you take into account while selecting a suitable channel of distribution? 18. 8 FURTHER READINGS 1. Gupta, C. B. and Khanka, S. S. , Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, Sultan Chand and Sons, 2003. 2. Taneja, Satish and Gupta S. L. , Entrepreneur Development: New Venture Creation, Galgotia Publishing Company, 2001. 3. Gupta, C. B. , Busin ess Organization and Management, Sultan Chand and Sons, Latest Edition. 4. Singh, B. P. and Chhabra, T. N. , Modern Business Organisation, Kitab Mahal, Latest Edition.

5 Unique Questions to Ask in a Job Interview

5 Unique Questions to Ask in a Job Interview We all know the line we’re supposed to work into the â€Å"Do you have any questions for us?† section of the interview. Typically, we take a deep breath and ask our interviewer to talk us through a typical day in that particular office so that we can get a idea of the workplace culture. It’s a great question. But everyone is asking it, pretty much verbatim. Here are five alternative versions that will help distinguish you from your fellow interviewees, and will also be a refreshing way to get the same answers from your interviewer.1. â€Å"What do you feel prepared you most for this job?†It’s sort of a backwards way in, but you’ll find your interviewer will end up emphasizing the parts of her background that were most useful for acclimating to that particular environment. You’ll get a sense of the size and scope and daily feel of the company from which of her skills were the most appropriate preparation for the job.2. â€Å"What makes this [company] special?†No matter what kind of company it is, asking how it distinguishes itself from others in the field can be very revealing. If it’s all about hard numbers and results, that will tell you one thing. If it emphasizes personal relationships and loyalty, that’ll tell you something else.3. â€Å"Why are you excited about filling this position?†This might be the best way of discovering your boss’s goals and whether your vision of the job aligns with their vision of the job, or the particulars of what you’d be doing day to day.4. â€Å"How do your company’s values affect your work on any given day?†Probably best to do a bit of homework first and have a specific value in mind when you ask this one. One that company has been explicit about in its marketing materials or in the job listing. It’s a good way of showing off your thorough preparations for the interview, and also making sure the company is really do ing what they say they care most about.5. â€Å"How would you describe the leadership style here?†This is probably the best way of finding out if you’re going to be walking into a nest of micromanagers, without the stigma of actually asking that outright. And it’s a great way to see whether your working style will jive with your boss’s working style.

Describe the differences (and any similarities) involved in the Assignment

Describe the differences (and any similarities) involved in the following contracts - Assignment Example In this case the contract can be said to be implied because no prior arrangements were made to make agreements but it is implied that the owner of the vehicle will pay for the parking service provided. Boilerplate or bank card holders’ agreements are standard form contracts by virtual of bearing the characteristics of standard form contracts. For this reason, boiler plates are standard form contracts because like many other standard form contracts such as insurance contracts the cellular provider has total authority over the contract with the subscribers that they can either take it or leave it and often contain fine detail details that form part of the contract terms (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). Similarly, the bank has total control in its contract with the credit card account holders. They can either choose to agree to the terms and conditions or forfeit owning the cards altogether (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). This is an implied or verbal contract. As demonstrated in the contract, the benefit of having the order taken by the waiter is enjoyed but it cannot be considered as a gift because it will have to be paid for implying a consideration has been given. Therefore, given a contract is formed and there is no written evidence or terms for service, the contract is implied or verbal because the order is orally made (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). A formal contract is a written agreement, which follows the prescribed format and incorporates standardized conditions and provisions in its body, therefore making it legally enforceable. This kind of contract could mainly be a contract under seal where the seal is a symbol of total acceptance of its legal effect and consequences by the parties involved (Gale, 2007). The contract can also be regarded as a period contract since it is valid for a given duration of time as agreed by the involved parties (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). Contracts B and D are contracts which must be in writing and are

The theme of the short story Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Essay

The theme of the short story Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne - Essay Example Usually, this kind of negative response did have a deadly result on the disrespected woman. It has been noted that the stories that were penned down before 1842 had a female character that was destroyed only by accident and not by intention alone. The story has shown the transformation of a man from his normal state to that of an abnormal one where he abandoned meeting with anyone and then in the end coming back to his life and restoring normal relationships with all that were important to him and more than that, his wife. A number of authors have made note of the fact that Browns departure from faith and reliance was not an act on purpose since Brown actually planned on returning to her after the forest trip. But there is a belief that the very act of the man leaving the woman shows the males indifference to the security related with their females. Thus it is viewed as the women are in reality viewed as somewhat a kind of sexual beings and men as sexually frozen pieces. The mans lack of sexual desire is what has been truly killing the woman of late and it basically allows for the man to continue living in a hollow life. This is true that this does not necessarily mean the real nature of women but about the way in which men imagine of them. Hawthornes men are obsessed with females but the only way they can make any connection with women is through fantasy or by performing some fantasy-related activities that are not considered appropriate by the female populace. The family ties play a huge role here as husband and wife are considered as the two wheels of a car, the car being the home in this point. These two have to gel together emotionally as well as physically in order to make their individual lives easy and the people who are attached with them within the household. Family ties definitely help the Young Goodman Brown as the writer has suggested that in the long run, it is the family which plays its due

The Importance of Reading Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Reading Essay When there were no televisions or computers, reading was a primary leisure activity. People would spend hours reading books and travel to lands far away-in their minds. With time, people have lost their skill and passion to read. There are many other exciting and thrilling options available, aside from books. And that is a shame because reading offers a productive approach to improving vocabulary and word power. It is advisable to indulge in at least half an hour of reading a day to keep abreast of the various styles of writing and new vocabulary. Children who love reading have comparatively higher IQs. They are more creative and do better in school and college. Parents have to inculcate the importance of reading to their children in the early years. Reading helps in developing vocabulary and reading aloud helps to build a strong emotional bond between parents and children. The children who start reading from an early age have good language skills, and they grasp the variances in phonics much better. Reading helps in mental development and stimulates the muscles of the eyes. Reading involves greater levels of concentration and adds to the conversational skills of the reader. It is an indulgence that enhances the knowledge acquired, consistently. The habit of reading also helps readers to decipher new words and phrases that they come across in everyday conversations. The habit can become a healthy addiction and adds to the information available on various topics. It helps us to stay in-touch with contemporary writers as well as those from the days of yore and makes us sensitive to global issues. It is therefore essential to cultivate the habit of reading from an early age for self – development.

Essay --

Prison Term Policy Recommendation-Proposal John Brown CJA/314 February 9, 2014 Instructor: Dave Hart Prison Term Policy Recommendation-Proposal The adherents of the state legislature have employed me, a criminologist consultant to work for the state fulfilling a new bill on doubling up maximum prison term for everybody found guilty of armed burglary. As a criminologist consultant, I have been selected to offer the state legislature with a penitentiary term strategy on armed burglary. Soon, the state legislature will be polling on the new bill. The new bill is to decide if the new penitentiary term policy ought to affect everybody acquitted of an armed burglary crime to be given a double maximum prison term. As a criminologist consultant, I will study and give good feedback if I have confidence that the new bill in place will do any good. The bill for the maximum penitentiary prison term is common amongst the individuals on the state legislature board. Though, the bill is common amongst the board members, the manager employs you to study the circumstances for the reason that he wonders if the new bill will be to the benefit o f rehabilitation to the violator and to civilization. Included will be a reference and the motives as to why the good words were chosen. Contained within in my paper, I will define the following word, penitentiary term policy, burglary, and armed burglary so clearing up can be achieved. The penitentiary term policy will decide if a policy would continue to be the same or if alterations ought to be applied in some kind of way. The course of action will have one to two recommendations, along with declaring why the prior obsolete strategy wasn’t keeping individuals from committing the same wrongdoing ag... ...ined much more severely than the times beforehand. According to the criminologist, the penalty which a violator committed ought to be bigger than the wrongdoing which was committed. The following recommendation for the penitentiary term policy for an individual who has committed armed burglary is as follow: Every individual is a recurrence violator of an armed burglary will do a full prison term of 10 to 20 years. Along, with the 10 to 20 years, an additional 10 to 15 years of probation will be added. The violator will be accountable for paying a re-establishment fee, doubling up the harshness of the harm done plus the violator will have to take a monthly drug test to ensure they are clean. References http://criminal.laws.com/robbery/armed-robbery/armed-robbery-sentencing-and-punishment http://www.wklaw.com/areas-robbery-sentencing-punishment.html

Dysfunctional Families

Dysfunctional families are common to both the world of Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens and The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams. A family is a basic social unit consisting of more than one human being. Functional families co-operate with one another to sustain a happy and nurturing home life that is comforting and a pleasure to be in. Members of a functional family genuinely care for one another’s safety and wellbeing. A dysfunctional family is the opposite of a functional family. In Great Expectations there are two dysfunctional families, Joe Gardgery’s family – including Miss Joe, Pip and Joe himself; and Miss Havershams family, which consists of her and her adopted daughter, Estella. Technically, the escaped convict, known as Magwitch, his wife and daughter could be considered as dysfunctional too. Their family is not as predominant as the other two families. In The Glass Menagerie, Tom, Laura, Amanda and Amanda’s absent husband are also a dysfunctional family. Family is important to the main characters in each of these texts, as it is the source of their values, morals and beliefs. Tom Wingfield, from The Glass Menagerie, is a young man who wants to explore the world and go on breathtaking adventures. His father left his mother, Amanda, for this reason when Tom was a young boy. Tom has been the man of the house ever since. The Glass Menagerie is set in St Louis, USA, in a time where women did not have much power in men’s business. Amanda has a job selling magazines over the phone, which does not earn her enough money for the family to live off. Tom, therefore, works in a shoe factory, which is not the most exciting job in the world, and this is the main source of income for the family. Laura Wingfield is Tom’s older sister – she is 26, crippled and lives in her own world full of tiny fragile glass animals, along with an old victrola. Laura is the main source of conflict for the family because she aimlessly wanders through life with no purpose. During Tom’s time at home, there are many conflicts between him and his mother. This affects Tom, as he works long hours in the warehouse doing the same thing everyday. He then comes home to a mother who is constantly telling him what to and what no to do, as well as a sister who isn’t pulling her own weight. Amanda often criticises Tom’s behaviour. In the first scene nearly everything Amanda says to Tom is a command – for example, such as â€Å"Don’t push with your fingers, chew chew! †¦ Human beings are supposed to chew†, â€Å"You’re not excused from the table† and â€Å"You smoke too much†. These constant commands from Amanda’s point of view are caring, however, Tom only thinks of them as her trying to control his every move; he is at the end of his wick. In Scene Three, Tom lets Amanda know once and for all what he thinks of the situation. Amanda: â€Å"What right do you have to jeopardize your job? Jeopardize the security of us all? How do you think we’d manage if you were†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Tom interrupts: â€Å"I’d rather somebody battered my brains out than go back (the warehouse) every morning †¦ and you say self is all I think of. Why, listen, if self is what I thought of, Mother, I’d be where he is (points to father’s portrait) – GONE! † In the end it is all too much for Tom and he leaves his helpless sister and commanding mother. He ventures off into the world; like father like son! Belonging to a dysfunctional family has deeply affected Tom and has eventually made him leave. Laura Wingfield, from The Glass Menagerie, is shy, unconfident, crippled and she often withdraws from reality. This is because she belongs to a dysfunctional family. Her mother has tried to help her by sending her to business school and finding her a gentlemen caller. Unfortunately, these are not Laura’s visions for herself, they’re Amanda’s. Although Amanda truly loves Laura, she cannot see that her bossy and overpowering personality is making Laura withdraw herself from reality even further. Laura stopped going to business school because it made her sick and she didn’t tell her mother, as she knew it would upset her. A mature young adult, firstly, would not become unwell because they attended a business school; secondly, they would tell their mother they didn’t want to attend the school anymore, and quit. Laura, on the other hand, pretends for weeks that she still attends the school; leaving and arriving home when appropriate, to make her mother believe she is still attending the school. When Amanda finally finds out Laura stopped going because it made her a little unwell, it broke her heart. Amanda: â€Å"So what are we going to do the rest of our lives? †¦ Amuse ourselves with the glass menagerie, darling? Eternally play those worn-out phonograph records your father left as a painful reminder of him? † Laura’s response to this painful truth is silence and the twisting of her hands – hopeless! With her mother and brother constantly bickering, she doesn’t seem to get the chance to speak her thoughts and feelings. Her mother tells her what she is going to do with her life, and because she loves her mother, she just does as she is told. Over time this has affected Laura; it is the reason she lost her personality and become a ghost-like figure living in a world of glass animals! Most of the time Laura doesn’t have her own thoughts, this is another side effect of having a dysfunctional family. One night her mother asks her to stop washing the dishes and to come outside and adore the moon Amanda: â€Å"†¦ Laura, come here and make a wish on the moon! †¦ Look over your left shoulder, Laura, and make a wish! (Laura looks faintly puzzled as if called out of sleep. Amanda seizes her shoulders and turns her at an angle by the door) Now, now, darling, wish! Laura: What should I wish for, Mother? † Here the moon is a symbol of hope. Amanda has found the moon because she has found hope; hope that her children will be okay in this cruel world. Laura can’t find the moon; her mother has to point it out to her and physically move her so she can see it. This is symbolic of the fact that there is no hope for Laura as she can’t and won’t help herself in this life. As Tom says â€Å"She lives in a world of her own – a world of – little glass ornaments, Mother †¦ She plays old phonograph records and – that’s about all†. Amanda has to tell Laura what to wish for – a grown woman being told what to wish for! This shows us how feeble and unsure Laura is of her actions. It is yet another problem Laura has developed because she is a part of a dysfunctional family. Pip, Joe Gargery and Mrs Joe Gargery are a dysfunctional family from the novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens. The first half of the novel is set in England, in the country, a place of innocence. The second half is set in the sinful and backstabbing streets of grotty old London. Pip is an orphan; his parents and five of his other siblings died when he was very little. His older sister and her husband (Mr and Mrs Joe Gargery) adopted Pip (who says): â€Å"My Sister †¦ had established a great reputation with herself and the neighbourhood because she had brought me up ‘by hand. ’ †¦ Knowing her to have a hard and heavy hand, and to be much in the habit of laying it upon her husband as well as upon me. I supposed that Joe Gargery and I were both brought up by hand. † Pip tells the reader that his older sister often hit him and Joe. This of course was never done when a neighbour was in earshot ecause, as Pip said, the villagers respected her because she brought him up â€Å"by hand†. She also never did or said anything nice to him; he can remember this from a young age. â€Å"My sister’s bringing up had made me sensitive. †¦ I had known, from the time when I could speak, that my sister, in her capricious and violent coercion, was unjust to me. † She spoke harshly to him, hit him with the â€Å"ti ckler† (which was a stick used only for beating up Pip and Joe) and force-fed him tar water (a very nasty medicine) to serve as punishments, for acts that did not deserve punishment. Because of this, he is often unsure of his actions and easily persuaded to think and do things that, deep down, he may not feel are right. This is similar to Laura, from The Glass Menagerie. Unfortunately Laura didn’t have a caring, patient and extremely loving blacksmith in her life, unlike Pip, who has Joe. If Joe was not in Pip’s life, I am sure he would have turned out much like Laura. Joe loves Pip and genuinely cares for him, he is pure and shows many acts of kindness towards Pip, most of which Pip doesn’t acknowledge or notice. Towards the end of the novel Pip becomes extremely sick whilst in London. Joe finds out that Pip is sick, leaves his beloved town in the country and heads into London. This is a big task for Joe because as a ‘country mouse’ he does not belong in the city – he despises it, and vice versa. Joe then stays by Pip’s side for the many months it takes for Pip to recover. After Pip finally acknowldges Joe’s true love for him, Pip says â€Å"O Joe, you break my heart! Look angry at me, Joe. Strike me, Joe. Tell me of my ingratitude. Don’t be so good to me! Joe just hugs Pip because he is relieved that Pip has recovered. Joe is the most important character for Pip’s health, safety and wellbeing. Without Joe, Pip would be in prison with a sickness that only love could cure and a debt to his name that he would never be able to repay. Joe is his guardian angel. Estella and Miss Haversham, from the novel Great Expectations, are yet another dysfuncti onal family. The cause of this dysfunctional family is Miss Haversham’s desired revenge on the world because her husband-to-be left her at their wedding, breaking her heart. Miss Haversham adopted Estella as a young girl, not out of love, rather so she can could mould her into a cold-hearted witch like herself. Miss Haversham is rich and belongs to the upper middle class. Her house is a manor, and she is a well respected resident in Pip’s village. Miss Haversham invites Pip to her house a few times. Pip thinks she is his benefactor, the cause of his great expectations and the reason she asks him to go over. She really only invites him over to let Estella practice her cruel, cold-blooded personality on him. The first time Pip goes over to Miss Haversham’s, on her command, she gets him to play cards with Estella. Estalla doesn’t want to play with â€Å"a common labouring-boy! †, so Miss Haversham tempts her to play with him by saying â€Å"Well? You can break his heart. † Here we can see the effects of Miss Haversham’s cold, broken heart on Estella. Instead of wanting to make friends with Pip like a normal young girl, she wants to break his heart. This child would not have thought of this naturally, her mind has been trained to believe that in making peoples lives a living hell, you arouse a sense of satisfaction. Estella’s family has had a big impression on her values, morals and beliefs. â€Å"You are to wait here, you boy! †¦ the tears started to my eyes. †¦ the girl looked at me with a quick delight in having been the cause of them. † Estella makes Pip believe his clothes, hands and the way he speaks is peculiar and shameful. The family life Miss Haversham has made for Estella is not physically or mentally healthy for her. To add to this, Miss Haversham wears a mouldy bride dress, her house stinks of gone-off food and human body odour and it is dark and depressing. She doesn’t shower because she wears her wedding clothes year after year. This gives Estella a bad impression as her home life is not normal, her â€Å"mother† is deranged and loosing her mind. Miss Haversham does such a great job of teaching Estella to become a witch that Estella leaves her for good. This breaks Miss Haversham’s already broken heart and she kills herself. This doesn’t bother Estella – how inhumane! In both The Glass Menagerie and Great Expectations, the main characters have lost a loved one. Pip and Estella never knew their biological parents, Miss Haversham’s husband-to-be never showed up at their wedding, Joe loses Mrs Joe Gargery, Laura and Tom’s dad leaves them and Amanda’s husband leaves her with a crippled daughter and a son. Losing a loved one or someone who is a close relative adversely affects you. All of these characters are can be compared to one another because they all know what it feels like to lose a loved one and belong to a dysfunctional family. In each case, dysfunctional families affect the main characters. Tom leaves his family, Laura makes herself belong to a world of her own, Pip yearns for a justice that was always present and Estella follows the footsteps of a heartless witch. It is apparent that dysfunctional families can be the cause of losing a family member or one leaving. To me family is very important. Fortunately I have a functional family. We sometimes fight and argue, however it is always over issues that are forgotten and easily forgiven. I know that if a member of my family was to leave us it would definetly affect me. I am glad that every family member in my family is happy and healthy. In both of the texts, the main cause of a dysfunctional family is having lost a family member. This is true for some families I know. Lots of parents divorce and their kids are forever living in two houses. Sometimes it is for the better, as the kids don’t have to listen to the parents fighting. Sometimes it tears the kids hearts and they are too young to understand that their parents simply can’t be together anymore. The kids find a way into their own world, like Laura, or they take it out on others, like Estella, or they are blessed and in their reality is a Joe, who loves them and sees a way out for them to escape.

Say You’re One of Them

In many respects, the world’s attention has shied away from modern Africa in recent years, most likely due to the unsteady domestic situations in other parts of the world. Recently, however, the collection of stories written by Uwem Akpan, Say You’re One of Them, has brought back to the forefront all of the pain and challenge of life in Africa at the present time. The humanity that comes through the words not only tugs at the heartstrings of the reader, but also makes strong statements about cultural conflict, class struggles and other social phenomena. This research will not only discuss Akpan’s work, but also these intertwined issues within the work. Ultimately, the work will be better appreciated and understood, but also, modern issues will be brought to light. Discussion of the Various Issues of Cultural Conflict within the Story When the research was introduced, the point was made that Akpan’s work was not only deeply emotional, but also makes strong cultural statements. Taking that assertion a step further is possible when using specific examples from the work to identify and discuss the various aspects of cultural conflict to be found in the story. The first of the areas of cultural conflict which emerges in the work is the vast divide between the economic classes within modern Africa. An early story in the work tells of a young boy whose sister turns to street prostitution in order for him to be able to afford to attend school- a blatant attempt to escape the lower class and ascend in African society. So intense is this desire to advance that extreme measures are taken by poor Africans to make ends meet: â€Å"When Baby was born, we pawned three quarters of his clothes to defray debts† (Akpan, 2008, p. 13). Therefore, fellow Africans are in fact culturally divided along economic lines, despite hailing from the same homeland. Language is also a dividing factor in modern day Africa, or more specifically, the way that someone’s voice sounds not only could set them apart from others in a cultural context, but in fact could lead to bodily harm for those of one culture who encounter opposition from another, as seen in this excerpt from the work: â€Å"He was an easy target for the sporadic violence that seized the land†¦a simple thing like his accent could give him away† (Akpan, 2008, p. 93). This is an interesting element of cultural conflict in a highly diverse continent- it is a unique type of situation whereby someone who merely speaks in a different way than others could in fact set them apart and lead to fractured subcultures, but that is exactly what Akpan is portraying. Additionally, there is a subculture of violence that is prevalent in the Africa of today; to be m ore specific, much of Africa is ruled at the present by wealthy warlords, who essentially build their own armies and make their own rules for their own advancement. Basically, these individuals are using force to alienate and oppress their own fellow Africans, keeping the weak in a state of poverty and preventing them from possible improvements that would allow them to surpass their oppressors: â€Å"Our northern generals are responsible for the extreme poverty in the land† (Akpan, 2008, p. 314). Therefore, we see the establishment of a new culture of the powerful over that of the weak. This culture is likewise somewhat restrictive, as the penalty for trying to escape it would be brutality at best, and death at worst. Changes in the Culture in the Story In Say You’re One of Them, there are sweeping changes to African culture that can be seen when looking more closely at the points that are made in work; the culture is essentially shifting from one of proud traditions and an embracing of the diversity of the various nations of the continent to a more divided one, where differences in economic status, language and ability to fight back against those who have the power to destroy one another has taken precedence (Mwaria, et al, 2004). An important point needs to be made here- although what is happening in Africa according to Akpan is certainly distressing, it is not unique to Africa, nor is it limited to lands where opportunity is less than widely available. This can be pointed out with a look into other cultures where division is complicating matters at present. A Study of Other Cultures Like Africa, the United States is a melting pot of different cultures and also like Africa, has encountered its share of culture clash in recent years. This conflict has taken place in several diverse cultures and has divided people in several different ways. First, along lines of ethnicity, the US has seen a renewed level of awareness of the fundamental differences in human beings as a result of the horrific terrorist acts of September 11, 2001 on American soil. Because of this pivotal event, those wishing to immigrate to the US from other nations, whether legally or illegally, have met with opposition ranging from disdain to outrage and acts of unwarranted violence (Moser, 2000). It would seem that like Africa, the diversity of culture that made America such a unique place has been watered down in a flurry of prejudice, fear and false impressions about one ethnic group or another. Instead of introducing new cultures into the American landscape and then allowing them to assimilate into the prevailing American culture, people are being excluded from the opportunity to do so from the beginning, not only depriving them of opportunity, but also stifling the advancement of American society from within. Politically, Americans have also formed subcultures that of late have been in a great deal of conflict. Recent years have seen differences in political mindset become key issues that instead of bringing these individuals together for the sake of healthy debate, have in many cases divided individuals to the detriment of the political process (Shogan, 2002). From time to time, this difference has also turned volatile in more than one instance as wars of words sometimes turn into acts of violence. Lastly, class envy is also alive and well in America, creating cultural conflicts, especially given the current dire economic climate in the world. Tied closely to the political issues of the nation, economically diverse people are commonly divided by a lack of understanding of each other’s culture- a culture defined by money and privilege or the absence thereof. Overall Analysis of the Reading Akpan’s book opened the eyes of the researcher in many ways, not the least of which was in terms of gaining an understanding that cultural differences can either create a wonderful blend of different traditions and ideas or can divide people and lead them to destroy others. This realization evoked in the researcher the feeling that diversity must be embraced, lest its power consume and destroy one culture at the hands of another. Conclusion The research has made important points about culture, diversity, and the perpetual change of the human condition. In conclusion, perhaps the best point to take away from the research is the fact that without a tolerance at least and embracing at best of diversity, no one can truly be free.

Free Essays on The Chimney Sweeper

as well can represent the demands that are put upon him. Before the word weep there is a single quotation in front of each W, which could represent the letter S. This would then turn the word weep into sweep and since the word is repeated it could represent the demands and pressures that are put upon this you... Free Essays on The Chimney Sweeper Free Essays on The Chimney Sweeper William Blake’s The Chimney Sweeper is a striking representation of life in England in the late 1700s. The main theme of this poem is lost childhood innocence. This poem deals with the abusive treatment of children when they were sold by their parents to work in dangerous conditions as chimney sweepers . This poem reflects the author’s views on England’s lack of compassion, all while displaying a tone of religious relief to children put into these awful circumstances. Blake uses many literary elements including the explanation of thematic issues, visual and rhythmic structure, sound devices, and figures of speech to help the reader develop a clear understanding of The Chimney Sweeper. The Chimney Sweeper is a narrative poem that tells the story of young Tom Dacre. There is no defined setting to this poem. The speaker is a coworker of Tom’s who takes care of him, and is also young enough to be in the same position as him . The story explains that Tom’s mother died and his father sold him to become a chimney sweeper at a very young age. The speaker narrates to the reader Tom’s story while being a friend to Tom, comforting him when he is down. The poem mainly focuses on one night where Tom has a dream. In his dream, Tom sees an Angel who gives joyous freedom to all of the chimney sweepers. Then the Angel explains to Tom that he should do his job and he will always have God as his father; he will always have Heaven to look forward to. His interactions with God and the Angel sadly help Tom realize that he may never experience true joy, he must just anticipate it until his afterlife. The main visual structure of The Chimney Sweeper is the strophic arrangement of the poem. The stanzas are arranged in six sections each containing a quatrain. Line break patterns exist throughout the poem for grammatical help and visual use. The first four stanzas do not include an end stop until the final lines, each line just cont... Free Essays on The Chimney Sweeper William Blake’s, The Chimney Sweeper, focuses on the thoughts and feelings of a young orphan having to deal with the pressures of losing their parents and being forced to take part in child labor in order to live. The poet uses images and metaphors in order to show the child’s views on how and why his life has changed. Different structures and meanings are the result of these images and metaphors. The poet stresses on how young the child is, through the structure of the poem in order to suggest how wrong the pressures of child labor are. The structure of this poem helps the reader understand where the poem is coming from, the eye’s of a child. This structure is shown through the way in which the poem is written. The poem is written in very simple wordings and as well in simple stanzas. This structure helps the reader see that the poem is about a young child who speaks in a very simple language. The simple words and terms used through out the poem stress the child’s intellectual capability, which focuses our attention on the fact that this is just a child having to deal with so much pressure and pain. The poem is written using two rhyming couplets in the first stanza and then in the remaining stanzas there are alternating rhyming lines. As well this poem is written in iambic pentameter, except in the second line when it says â€Å"Crying â€Å"’weep, ’weep.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2). The words ’weep, ’weep are to be stressed because these two words are a very strong point within this poem. The words not only represent the weeps that this young child cries from the pain and hurt that is being caused to him, but the words as well can represent the demands that are put upon him. Before the word weep there is a single quotation in front of each W, which could represent the letter S. This would then turn the word weep into sweep and since the word is repeated it could represent the demands and pressures that are put upon this you...

Changes In Concepts Of Childhood 19th Century Sociology Essay

Changes In Concepts Of Childhood 19th Century Sociology Essay Discuss how childhood has changed since the 19th century. How do concepts from this period continue to influence current attitudes to childhood? Childhood, the early years of a person’s life, between birth to about 8 years, is also considered most beautiful, most meaningful and most important part of life for a human being. The importance of childhood can be understood by observing the fact that though many scientists have different theories to define the process of human development they all agree on the importance of childhood and experiences in that time having a profound affect on an individual’s life. Many researches have been made on the process of human development and tough there are many proposed theories the actual difference between them is about how complex the relation really is between the stages and not what the stages really are. The differences are intrinsic not extrinsic. They all agree that childhood is a time when a person is moving from concrete to abstract thought. Man did learn sciences such as astrology, numerology, mathematics etc but the concept of schooling was deficient. People only knew as much as was required to trade and earn a living. A study conducted on child development concluded that in the year 1750 about 33 percent of infants and new born babies were left on doorsteps or social care homes by parents.(Malcolm Watson) Poor children were also made to work in land mines and other industries by their parents to earn a living. Efforts to eradicate child labor have been made over centuries by the responsible government bodies in different countries and social welfare organizations in the world. But it seems that despite the changing perceptions towards childhood, statistical data proves otherwise. The commencement of specific child development theories and acknowledgment of these theories only date back to some 200 years ago, in the 17th and 18th century. An acclaimed name, in this regard is of Professor Malcolm W. Watson. He researched on Human Development and formed theories that are still studied and followed. Results of his findings emphasized on six major theories by different people in different times. These theories focus on different stages man goes through from infancy to adulthood. Details of how environment and other factors affect childhood are also underscored. The theories encompass effects and behavioral changes in man and what we opine about our own selves, be it scientists, researchers or a common man. Psychodynamic theory-Sigmund Freud(Mack Lemouse from healthguidance.org): This theory says that human psychology can be broken down in to three separate parts. These are namely â€Å"the id, the ego and the superego†. Id is the childish part of our personality and its driving force is food, warmth and appreciation and the sexual drive. This side of every being is then balanced by the other two parts i.e. ego and superego. The superego is contradictory to id. It is that pa rt of human personality which enables us to control one self. Through this one acts in a socially acceptable manner. The ego is some where in the middle of these two extremes. Most of our troubles arise from balancing between the id and the superego.

English Literature and History Learning journal. Subjects of Queen Essay

English Literature and History Learning journal. Subjects of Queen Elizabeth - Essay Example Her 45 year rule is considered as the ‘golden era’ of England (Crown, 2009). The Queen was proficient and had the huge political foresight. Her selfless attitude towards her kingdom is depicted through her decision of not getting married. As getting married to a foreign king would make England vulnerable to the foreign policies and would easily be drawn into the political turmoil. The Elizabethan era was the one of the most promising period of England’s history. The phase was noted to be filled with both knowledge and prosperity of the kingdom. The Queen was one of the best rulers of her times and reflected huge amount of care for subjects. Even though she was not very widely accepted by her subjects who considered her a protestant, the kindness that Elizabeth I portrayed for her subjects during her reign of almost a half century was irreplaceable and commendable. Furthermore, Elizabeth I handled the situation of financial turmoil and religious conflicts that her predecessor has left very tactfully (Stump & Felch, 2009). With this concern the essay presents the rich understanding on the historical portrayal of Queen Elizabeth I. Furthermore, the essay provides considerable insights about different aspects of the society during her reign. Queen Elizabeth I was one of the most knowledgeable and sound queens among her siblings. The Queen was fluent in six languages and had a huge urge of learning. Elizabeth I faced massive uncertain situations during the early years of her life. She was secluded from her family and had spent her life in her half brothers home. This seclusion from the normal life could not make her distressed and she devoted her initial years of life and adulthood in nurturing the different literatures (Guy, 1995). These initial years of upbringing has influenced her ruling periods to a greater extent. The initial phase of her life and during her adolescence, the Queen portrayed a selfless character and hugely depicted her